Chinua Achebe Essay - 1491 Words

Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe is said to be â€Å"one of the most influential writers† of the century not only in Nigeria, his homeland but also throughout the world (Albany). Chinua Achebe was born in Ogidi, Nigeria on November 16, 1930. He was born a son of a Chrisitan Churchman, Isaiah Okafo and Janet N. Achebe. Achebe was raised an Ibo Christian, which made him stand out among his fellow peers. Achebe’s lifestyle was different than that of other people living in his village because of his religious background and upbringing. When Achebe was fourteen he began schooling at Government Albany College in Umuahia for three years. He then attended the University of Ibadan from 1948 through 1953. Following his education at the University of†¦show more content†¦The main character is a man named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a very strong and well known man. Okonkwo is driven by his desire to be a better man than his father was. Okonkwo is ashamed of his father because he was a weak man with no accomplishments. The book describes the village and the traditions of the people of the village. It describes in detail their religious beliefs. All aspects of Ibo life are based on their religion. The conflict in the story arises when Christian missionaries force their way into the Umofia and began to tear apart the lives of the Ibos. The missionaries try to convert the Ibos into Christians and a western way of living. When some of the Ibos change their lives to be like the missionaries’, civil disagreements and hostility begin to occur. The story is essentially a fictional tale about an event that really did occur in Nigeria. In this story, Achebe is describing the western movement that Nigeria went through and is still dealing with today through fictional characters. Achebe wrote a follow-up story to Things Fall Apart called No Longer at Ease. No Longer at Ease is about Okonkwo’s grandson, Obi who is part of the â€Å"corrupted† generation of the Ibo people. Obi is an educated Christian, who also participates in the traditions of the Ibo people. This has caused him to be torn between the old and new ways of Africa and Nigeria. TheShow MoreRelatedBiography of Chinua Achebe2083 Words   |  9 PagesChinua Achebe: Africa most beloved author The Prominent Igbo writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of western customs and values on traditional African society. Achebe’s satire and his keen ear for spoken language have made him one of the most highly esteemed African writers in English. Chinua Achebe was born in eastern Nigeria on November 16, 1930 Isaiah and Janet Achebe (Bucker pars.1). Isaiah Okafor Achebe was a catechist for the Church Missionary Society and his wife to traveledRead MoreA Study on the Author, Chinua Achebe 1467 Words   |  6 Pages A STUDY OF THE AUTHOR, CHINUA ACHEBE Chinua Achebe was born unto a Nigerian parents in Nigeria on November 16, 1930. He was from a family that born six kids; he being the fifth among them. Chinua Achebe’s parents were Isaiah Okafor Achebe and Janet Achebe. He begin an English at eight in Ogidi, Nigeria. Encouraged by his father, he was excited to learned English quickly. His father Isaiah Achebe was one of the first that converted from their religion to Christianity and he also foundedRead MoreArrow Of God By Chinua Achebe998 Words   |  4 PagesArrow of God written by Chinua Achebe is set in the 1920’s located in Nigeria. The book focuses on the main character Ezeulu, the Igbo people’s chief priest. Throughout the text we see Ezeulu have conflicts with other tribes and with Christian missionaries, get sent to prison for denying a position from the British, and Ezeulu having difficulties within his own tribe and their yam harvest (Achebe). All the events that happened in Arrow of God lead to a much deeper meaning. If we take a lookRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagespivotal in the development of a young mind and the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons thro ughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writingsRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesrise above and assume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In orderRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe942 Words   |  4 PagesIn history many ancient and early cultures lived in a society where gender influenced their way of life. In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the Igbo tribe in Africa bases their people’s social status and everyday life on gender. Women are expected to be submissive and thought to be weaker compared to their male counterparts. Men on the other hand are thought of as strong and must live up to the expec tations of the clan. There are several instances in the book that strongly emphasize the masculineRead MoreThings Falll Apart by Chinua Achebe1082 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story that portrays the tensions between the white Colonial Government and native-born people of Umuofia. Okonkwo, the main character, and a great village man is highly respected in the Igbo tribe of Umuofia. Although, Okonkwo is highly respected by the Igbo people, they are fearful of him because of his violent anger. When the Europeans arrived in Umuofia, they brought with them a new religion: Christianity. The Westerners changed Umuofia, destroyed tradition

Essay on Reinstating Capital Punishment in Britain

Reinstating Capital Punishment in Britain Capital Punishment is the legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. Throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. Methods of execution have included such practices as crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stake, impaling, and beheading. Today capital punishment is typically accomplished by lethal gas or injection, electrocution, hanging, or shooting. The death penalty is the most notorious severe practice in the modern world. Other harsh, physical forms of criminal punishment also referred to as corporal punishment have generally been eliminated in modern times as unsophisticated and†¦show more content†¦It is clear that the criminal would be unable to re offend or cause any harm to society surely making it safer and more productive for the society. The cost of executing a murderer or rapist would be far less than the cost of keeping an offender in prison for life. It is a fact that the average cost of a prisoner in modern day prisons averages at  £600 pounds per week and over a period of many years the total cost in some cases exceeds  £5000000, surely if the prisoner was not kept alive then the benefit to society would be huge as that money being used to keep a murderer alive could be spent educating the adults of the future and improving our way of life Retribution simply means making the criminal pay for their crime, Execution is a very real punishment rather than some form of rehabilitative treatment for example giving the criminal counselling. The criminal is made to suffer in accordance to the offence. Although whether an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth should still apply is a matter of personal opinion. Retribution is seen by many as an acceptable reason for the death penalty, according to survey results Deterrence, It is hard to prove if the death penalty is an effective deterrent in modern society although there is evidence to suggest that it is. For example in Singapore the crime rate fell dramatically when the death penalty was introduced byShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Was Abolished By Harold Wilson1184 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment was abolished â€Å"under Harold Wilson’s Labour government in 1969† (Manton.K, 2011, P.16) in the United Kingdom, but there have been continuing debates concerning the reinstatement of the death penalty in the UK.(BBC NEWS, 2011) reports that the Conservative party MP calls for submission on capital punishment in the UK. The Brigg and Goole MP â€Å"is one of a number of Tory backbenchers calling for a commons debate of the return of capital punishment.†(BBC NEWS, 5th August 2011) CurrentlyRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Abolished By Harold Wilsons Labour Government1186 Words   |  5 Pages1.1 Introduction Capital Punishment was abolished â€Å"under Harold Wilson’s Labour government in 1969† (Manton.K, 2011, P.16) in the United Kingdom, but there have been continuing debates concerning the reinstatement of the death penalty in the UK.(BBC NEWS, 2011) reports that the conservative party MP calls for submission on capital punishment in the UK. The Brigg and Goole MP â€Å"is one of a number of Tory backbenchers calling for a commons debate of the return of capital punishment.†(BBC NEWS, 5th AugustRead MoreCapital Punishment During The Colonial Era1165 Words   |  5 Pages The public opinion within the United States on capital punishment has fluctuated since its early establishment during the colonial era. The debate about the use of capital punishment has been shaped by factors such as class, gender, age but most importantly race. During the colonial era, Britain was the biggest influence on America when it came to utilizing the death penalty. The death penalty was used for minor offenses such as stealing, killing animals, and trading with Indians. As the late 1700sRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Punishment For A Wide Range Of Crimes1607 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout history Capital Punishment or â€Å"the Death Penalty† was the punishment for a wide range of crimes. Capital Punishment was used by almost all societies to both punish crime and suppress political dissent. For example, execution was widely employed as a means of oppressing political dissent by fascist or communist governments. Also during the Eighteenth century, Britain executed a person for 222 different crimes including stealing an animal or cutting down a tree. (JasperRead MoreThe Death Penalty Has Been Considered An Issue Since The1607 Words   |  7 Pagesof Enlightenment executions were used for very unjust and disproportionate crimes, and during the 1700s in Britain there were over 222 crimes punishable by death. Some of these crimes including bestiality, incest, adultery, gay acts, false claims of virginity, and many others. As American developed into its own super power in the world they began voicing their opinions on how capital punishment should be approached, making executions censored to the public in hopes to stop the dehumanizing effect publicRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty2027 Words   |  9 PagesCapital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has laws that date back to the Code of Hammurabi in Babylon. The first recorded death penalty case took place in the 16th century BC where a man was sentenced to death for his alleged use of magic. The death penalty in the United States was influenced by Britain power over the original thirteen colonies. In the 1700’s, Britain had two hundred and twenty-two crimes that could be punished by death. The first le gal execution in the United States tookRead MoreThe Controversy Over Capital Punishment2295 Words   |  10 PagesThe controversy with capital punishment has been debated for hundreds of years. The Supreme Court is likely to sway its opinion often about whether it should be abolished or instituted throughout the United States. There have been many court cases and lawsuits regarding this issue that has suggested that legislation would be the most effective way to ending the discussion once and for all. In order to abolish the death penalty, the majority has to agree in support of abolition for any legislatureRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment2746 Words   |  11 Pagespenalty and capital punishment were brought to America from Britain when America was colonized. This paper will argue why the death penalty is an outdated punishment and that it needs to be banned in America. When analyzing certain key points as crime rates, costs to maintain death row inmates, wrongfu l convictions, and ethics it becomes evident that the death penalty should be ruled illegal in the United States. Firstly regarding the history of how capital punishment came to America from Britain and theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Soviet Revolution Of Russia Essay9167 Words   |  37 Pagesdied from starvation, executions, forced collectivization, and in labour cams due to harsh inhuman environment under Stalin’s rule Soviets and germans were allys at first who liked each others ideology , had a carefull and concerned outlook towards Britain and France ,but after hitler came into power in 1933, it began changing its ideology to anti-Fascist and pro–League of Nations, but with the signing of a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany. The next month, Moscow joined in the German attackRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesof various nonGovernment organisations had also joined them. The protestors have been demanding setting up of a national commission on Bhopal to oversee medical and social rehabilitation. As many as 39 survivors of the gas tragedy had reached the Capital on Saturday after a month -long, 800-km walk from Bhopal. Hindu/ New Delhi/ 29/03/06 Cabinet nod on compensation to Bhopal victims Special Correspondent NEW DELHI: The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved the implementation of the 2004 Supreme

Leadership Utilizes

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Utilizes. Answer: Leadership Leadership is the art and practice of leading a group people, who are working together as a unit in achieving a common objective or goal. By the term leadership, I get a cohesive and comprehensive understanding of the feature of a leader. A leader is supposed to look at the common goal and objective it undertakes and make sure that that the other members of the unit are aware of the goal and objective. In my view, leadership utilizes the efforts of the other members of the unit in achieving the ultimate goal. According to me, it is necessary for the leader to focus on the strengths and weakness of a member. It is important in leadership to focus on the strength of a member, which it can utilize to realize the goal of the organization. The role of a leader is not only in getting the task done but also depend on how the task is done. As a leader, I would focus on motivation and encourage the members of the unit to maximize their strength by highlighting the various strengths of the mem bers. At the same time, I would underline the necessary weakness of the member and supervise and guide them in reducing the area of deviations. Leadership involves in establishing the vision of the group and scope of activities (Anderson, 2013). I get to learn that leadership involves tackling various challenges and using creativity and innovation to come up with strategies and making effective decisions with active participation from other members of the team. It involves increasing team morale and achieving goals with team work. For example, as a part of a cricket team, I will utilise leadership qualities to arrange a probable playing squad and discuss strategies with them and explain the motive of the team, which is to win cricket matches. I will have to lead the group and guide them. I will motivate them, so that they give their best in the matches they play. Holland's Personality-Job Fit Theory John Holland derived the personality fit theory. According to this theory, I get to learn that the theory is based on the test of the personality of an individual and its effect on organization's efficiency. According to this theory, every individual has a specific personality, and the congruency of the personality with the job role of the organization establishes the success of the organization and the individual. If the individual's goals and objectives match with the goals and objectives of the organization, there is a higher chance of increasing the organization's productivity and efficiency. The congruency also reduces the level of labor turnover and absenteeism (Bush Middlewood, 2013). According to this theory, I observe that there are six distinctive features of personality. They are: Realistic: The traits of such people are shy, and they are practical and hardworking in their task. In my opinion, they value real and practical objects, and they enjoy working with tools and mechanical objects. Conventional: According to my view, people with such personality are efficient and systematic but are not innovate or flexible. They prefer to work in a systematic and planned way. They are not open to innovations and like working in a planned system. Enterprising: I view people with such personality as confident, energetic and ambitious people. They are good in unconventional approach and avoid observation and inference. They thrive in leadership, politics and enterprising roles. Social: Such people, in my opinion, are helpful, friendly, understanding and kind people. They like helping people and solving social issues. Such people like to be teachers, doctors, nurses and social servants. Investigative: According to my view, people with this trait are analytical, probing, and intellectual. They have a scientific outlook. They are good in solving scientific issues and provide solutions. They value science. Artistic: I get to learn that artistic people are imaginative, expressive and original. They value art and craft. They indulge in creative work of art like music, drama, writing and dance. If I find myself helpful and eager to help individuals in the social setting, I would be best deemed to be a teacher, if my interest is in the education sectors. Equity and Fairness Equity and fairness is an integral concept in an organization. I get to understand that the basic rule of equity and fairness. According to this rule, individuals judge equity and fairness by comparing treatment of others who are in the same situation. Individuals make comparison with other in the organization that is in the same position by evaluating and comparing the treatment they get and the treatment the other being compared get. I get to learn that equity and fairness are key elements of the motivation level of an individual. If an individual feels the treatment received is fair and equal, the motivation level is high and vice versa. If I am studying in a university and my classmate gets better responsibilities and accolades in class, I will try to evaluate and compare both of us, to find out if the treatment is just and fair. Since we both are at the same level. Personal characteristic of leadership According to this topic, I get to evaluate the personal traits that are required for a successful leader. For personal feature, a leader needs to be energetic and should be physically strong to carry out the necessary duties. A leader needs to be intelligent, strategic and be competent to take effective decisions. A leader should be independent and have self-confidence and the motivation to lead a group. A leader needs, to be honest and be genuine. In my opinion, a leader needs to be enthusiastic and optimistic to lead by example. He should be cooperative and understand the value of team work. He should be tactful and strategic in leading the group. A leader needs to be responsible for achieving goals, and be sincere in solving issues. A leader needs to have the necessary education and knowledge about management functions and leadership (Fullan, 2014). In order to lead my cricket team and make them successful, I will have to be optimistic, energetic, fore sightedness, tactful and strategic. I need to possess all the leadership qualities to make my team achieve the epitome of success. Five leadership qualities in bring about chang According to this topic, I get to learn about the five leadership styles and qualities that can effectively bring change. One quality and style is bringing about discomfort level and initiating a change in an organization. The other style is about visioning a change and involving people and utilizing their energy to bring about necessary change. The other quality is about evaluating the need and purpose of change and connecting it with the need of the organization, which brings about the change. The other quality is about planning. The leader has to plan the projects, assign deadlines and construct the progress plan for effecting and implementing change (Anderson, 2013). The fifth quality is about designing a framework of actions and planning an effective link between strategy and concept, which would provide the necessary basis for effective change implementation. If my soccer team members get complacent and do not make any improvements and progress, then a leader I will need to make changes in the team structure and game strategies. This will force members to change their approach and move towards a change. Then I have to predict the areas that the team could work on and with team effort I will move towards achieving. Critical strategies are needed to be formed and guidelines for the strategies are needed to ensure success. Universalism and Contingency approach to leadershi Universalism includes the concepts of theology and philosophy along with universal application and ideologies in their approach. It views the organization as a closed system. It includes every people in the organization in their approach. This approach only focuses on the internal structure and elements of the company (Bush Middlewood, 2013). A contingency approach, in my opinion, tends to look at the possibility of future events with no conformed certainty. This approach involves in evaluating the internal and external environment of the organization, which could be bringing about successful implementation of the plans and activities. It involves the factors and the organization as an open system. A contingency approach is effective in enhancing the success of an organization as the strategies and activities are planned and organized according to different situations (Anderson, 2013). Two truths and a lie Two truths and a lie is a method in which two truths and a lie are provided, and people are required to identify the lie that is spoken. It is a classical game and method used in an organization. In my view, the objectives of the method are to identify how judgments are not always precise and correct and how wrong and deviated judgments can lead to adverse results (Dickinson et al. 2013). This method involves members where a speaker presents two truths and one lie. As a part of the game, when the speaker is speaking, the role of other members is to hear and observe the scope of deviation in the statement, which will help them in finding out the lie. It helps in effective evaluation of judgments and statements. For example, I have recently made errors and tactical blunders regarding operations in my shop. I am unsure as to what caused the deviations. I meet a few friends and play this game to see how people perceive and make judgements and how and what makes us make wrong judgements. Team work Team work is the process of uniting the efforts of different individuals who are formed as a group and utilizing their energy in achieving a common goal. According to me, team work is a process in which a collective unit align their objectives with the common objective of the organization to achieve it. This method utilizes the experience and skill of different people in achieving the goal and increasing efficiency (Dickinson et al. 2013). For example, the organization intends to maximise profit and the organization has a pool of talented workers. As a part of the management group, I will put the individuals together in different units based on the skills and the objectives. These unit will be teams and individuals in different teams will work together infusing team work. Change Management Change management is the approach used for bringing about a change in team, organization structure or an individual. This approach uses methodology that changes the purpose of the use of resources and business strategies. It is used to transform or change an organisations operations or approach. It considers the scope and grounds for change in an organisation. It strategically evaluates the areas that are required for change. Change management principles and approach stress on different avenues of the organization that is integral towards the success of the organization. Change Management critically analyses the effect of change in organizations on teams and individuals. It evaluates the implications of different disciplines of life on the change required in organization. For instance, if a specific department in the company is not functioning well, as a part of the management team, I will have to recognize the area of shortcoming. After observing the loopholes, I will plan the amendment and use approaches that management can implement in bringing about the change. The approach will assess the areas needed for change and the effects of the methodology and approach used on the specific area. This is how I will utilize change management. Reference List Anderson, D. L. (2013).Organization Development: The Process of Leading Organizational Change: The Process of Leading Organizational Change. Sage Publications. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bush, T., Middlewood, D. (2013).Leading and managing people in education. Sage. Dickinson, H., Peck, E., Carey, G. (2016).Managing and leading in inter-agency settings. Policy Press. Fullan, M. (2014).Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Gibb, A., Haskins, G., Robertson, I. (2012). Leading the entrepreneurial university: Meeting the entrepreneurial development needs of higher education institutions. InUniversities in change(pp. 9-45). Springer New York. Hrebiniak, L. G. (2013).Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2013).Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Smits, S. J., Bowden, D. E. (2015). A Perspective on Leading and Managing Organizational Change.Economics and Business Review,1(2), 3-

Research Findings Report Does speeding up the Music Tempo increase Task Performance

Running head: Research Findings Report Customer Inserts His/her NameAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Research Findings Report: Does speeding up the Music Tempo increase Task Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name 10th June 2011 Outline Abstract Introduction Method Participants Materials and Measures Procedure Description of the Experimental music Completing the Mazes Questionnaires Results Discussion Limitations of the Study Abstract Findings from previous research have established that various features of music have profound effects on human behavior particularly the mood and endurance in exercise and sports domains. This research aims at determining how music tempo affects human performance in specific tasks. To examine this concept, the current study, involved 28 participants grouped into two categories, the experimental group with 15 participants and the control group with 13 participants, who were required to complete three mazes before filling out questionnaires. The experimental group listened to fast music while the control group only listened to low tempo music. The results showed that the control group, on average, completed the mazes at a significantly lesser time than the experimental group. This indicates a correlation between the effects of music upon the subjects’ lives and task performance. These findings have potential implications for labor force in enhancing labor productivity and sports psychology and training. Understanding how the tempo of music affects the speed of performing a task is not only helpful in keeping work schedules but also increasing physical productivity.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction The effect of music upon human behavior has aroused much interest in psychology. Most of previous researches centered on aspects of human behavior such as mood, emotional responses, and personal preferences. Edworthy and Warring (2006), established that faster music elicits happier responses and can influence the mood (p. 597). In contrast, slower music or lyrics produce unhappier emotional responses. Music, therefore, elicits emotional responses, which in turn influence the human perception of speed. These emotional responses perhaps relate to people’s perception of time and speed. Webster and Weird established that people who listen to faster music, have much happier moods, thought they talked faster and conversation subjects progressed much faster than people who listened to slower music (2005, p. 196 ). Since listening to music alters the mental states that influence human activity, various structural aspects of music can also alter the physical speed. The effect of music on athlete’s performance offers important insights on the influence of music on speed and endurance. Most athletes listen to music during workouts and prior to competitions as a motivational tool that makes them work harder. Music tends to distract one’s attention from the present task, which makes the individual less focused on the physical activity (Crust, Clough, 2006, p. 191). Diverting attention to music leaves no room to focus on tension or pain produced by the exercise. Consequently, the perception about the exertion or complexity of the task is lower. This increases the people’s endurance as well as efforts in performing tasks. Music, therefore, increases endurance making people to work harder though subconsciously. The high efforts expended, when people are listening to music, speeds up the completion of the specific task. However, much of the previous studies do not show how different music tempos influence speed of a physical or mental activity. This research uses a combination of slow and fast tempo music w to i nvestigate people’s speed when performing specific tasks. The purpose of this study is to examine how the different music tempos affect the levels of human activity with other factors such as habits held constant. This research will test the following hypotheses: Firstly, music with fast tempo will lead to fast completion of the mazes. From the literature review, fast music elicits happier emotional responses, which improves the speed of task performance. Secondly, the research will test the alternative hypothesis that a faster tempo will make a participant stressed out, perform the task poorly, and as a result, take longer to complete the task.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Research Findings Report: Does speeding up the Music Tempo increase Task Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Method Participants This study involved 28 male and female college students. The participants were grouped into t wo categories; experimental and control groups. The grouping was random, that is, there was no specific criterion used to place the participants into either of the group. The research involved manipulating the tempo of music using a classical piano piece called Chopin’s love with the experimental group listening to high tempo music as they completed three mazes. The control group listened to the piece of music only at the original tempo. Materials and Measures This study involved 28 participants divided into two groups. There was a provision of sheets of paper to each of them upon sitting down. The papers contained instructions on how to complete the three mazes. The instructions demanded that the participants had to inform the timekeeper before starting and after completing a maze. The participants were required to complete three mazes while listening to music of varied tempo. They recorded their respective times of completing each maze. After the exercise, the participants were required to complete a questionnaire to provide information regarding their experience during the exercise. Procedure Description of Experimental Music: The music selection used involved a classical piano piece known as Chopin’s love as composed by Nakamura Yuriko. The control group listened to the piece of music at the original tempo, BPM of 108.42 according to mix Meister BPM analyzer. For the experimental group, researcher increased the tempo of the same piece of music to 185 BPM using a Garage Band program. The two groups listened to the piece of music at a constant volume from an apple Mac laptop through large headphones covering their entire ears. Completing the mazes: Once the seated, the 28 participants had to read a sheet of paper containing instructions about the exercise. The research then grouped them into two categories: the control group (n=13), who only listened to the piece of music at the original tempo and the experimental group (n=15), who listened to the music at a higher tempo at 185 BPM.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two groups were to put onto the headphones and once the music begins playing, count five seconds aloud. The two groups listened to the music through headphones. Once the music started playing, the participants counted loudly for five seconds before informing the timekeeper to start timing. After finishing each maze, the participants were required to shout â€Å"STOP† and again count five seconds before proceeding to complete the next maze. The procedure required the participants to repeat these instructions until they completed the three mazes. Questionnaire: After completing the mazes, participants were then asked to fill out a Questionnaire with questions about the role of music in their lives, their experience during the maze completing exercise, their familiarity with the music played and whether they have any hearing impairments. This aimed at determining whether the impact music had on the participant’s lives correlated with the effect the piece of music had on the participant’s speed in completing the maze. The researcher recorded all the respective data. Results The analysis of the results focused on the hypothesis that fast tempo music elicits positive emotional responses that would make the participant to complete the maze faster. Table below records the mean of the participant’s maze completion time (in seconds) and the standard deviation (SD) for the two groups (the experimental and control groups); Mean = Summation of the time taken to fill the mazes/Sample size Standard deviation=√∑ (each value-mean)2/Sample size Maze Completion time (seconds) Mean (M) Standard Deviation (SD) Fast Tempo (Experimental group) 52.1703 13.57 Low Tempo (Control group) 55.50 18.86 Table 1: Means for control and Experimental groups The preliminary results indicated that the questionnaire items had less effect on the speed at which either group completed the maze. The table 1 shows the means and the standard deviatio ns for each treatment. The results conformed to the hypothesis that high tempo music the participants making them to complete the mazes faster than their counterparts subjected to low tempo music do. On average, the participants in the experimental group completed the mazes 3.34seconds faster compared to the participants in the control group. Because the participants in the experimental group completed the mazes much faster compared to participants in the control group, the results were consistent with the first hypothesis. To understand the results of maze completion, the research sought to find out if there is any correlation between the questionnaire items and the speed of completing the mazes. Overall, no participant reported having any hearing impairment, six participants never listened to music while working, and five rarely listened to music, 12 sometimes, five usually with no participant always listening to music when working. These results indicated that the participantâ₠¬â„¢s previous music life or habit had no significant effects on the participant’s speed of completing the mazes. Discussion The major purpose of this study was to find out whether the music tempo has an effect on the speed of task performance. Previous research had established that music elicits emotional responses. These emotional responses then influence the perception of speed, which makes people to perceive that an action progresses faster when subjected to fast tempo music (Edworthy, Warring, 2006, p. 604). In addition, previous research has shown that music influences the efforts that people put into a task, particularly sporting activities (Crust, Clough, 2006, p.194). Based on this evidence, the present study hypothesized that the high music tempo would make people complete involving tasks such as maze completion much faster than in conditions of low tempo music., the results obtained were consistent with the hypothesis but supported the alternative hypothesis that high music tempo makes people perform involving tasks at a much faster rate. The experimental group, on average, completed the maze at a faster rate compared to the control group under conditions of low tempo music. From these results, it is justifiable to conclude that fast tempo music stimulates physical and mental activity when performing specific tasks, which increases the speed of performing the task. This research also aimed at identifying the specific characteristics that predict the extent that the effects of music tempo had on people. However, the items, which included the music life of the participants, hearing impairments and the music genre that participants frequently listened to, did not correlate with the speed of completing the maze. This indicates the inapplicability of these items in prediction of the speed of completing performing tasks. Although the items tested in the questionnaire had less overall impact on the participant’s speed, the lack of hearing i mpairment among the subjects suggests clearly that speed correlated with music tempo. This design of this study aimed to explore the relationship between music tempo and cognitive speed. Usually, when many factors are involved, it is difficult to find results without any external influences. However, this research overcame these obstacles by using a common activity (maze completion) and a piece of music popular among the participants. The intention of the questionnaires items was for better interpretation of the results obtained from the two groups. The findings of this research that high tempo music has a distractive effect, allow for further investigation into the role music plays in enhancing human performance in competitive situations such as athletics or sports. Further research is essential to find out why and how music tempo influences human performance. Limitations of the Study One limitation of this study was that few participants participated in the research, which made it difficult to collect a large amount of data for each treatment. Another limitation of this study was that the participants could not have known the purpose of this study and consequently provided wrongful information when filling out the questionnaires. Future research should explore the effect of both music synchrony and lyrics on the speed of human performance, particularly in physical activities. References Crust, L., Clough, P. (2006). The influence of rhythm and personality in the endurance Response to motivational asynchronous music. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 191-196. Edworthy, J., Warring, H. (2006). The effects of music tempo and loudness level on Treadmill exercise. Ergonomics, 49, 597-604. This report on Research Findings Report: Does speeding up the Music Tempo increase Task Performance was written and submitted by user Brylee Franklin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of the Prehistoric Archelon

Profile of the Prehistoric Archelon Name: Archelon (Greek for ruling turtle); pronounced ARE-kell-on Habitat: Oceans of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet long and two tons Diet: Squids and jellyfish Distinguishing Characteristics: Leathery shell; wide, paddlelike legs About Archelon Dinosaurs werent the only animals that grew to immense sizes during the late Cretaceous period. At a whopping 12 feet long and two tons, Archelon was the one of the largest prehistoric turtles that ever lived (it used to be on top of the charts, until the discovery of the truly stupendous Stupendemys of South America), about the size (and shape, and weight) of a classic Volkswagen Beetle. By comparison with this North American behemoth, the largest Galapagos tortoises alive today weigh a little over a quarter of a ton and measure about four feet long! (The closest living relative of Archelon, the Leatherback, comes much closer in size, some adults of this seagoing turtle weighing close to 1,000 pounds.) Archelon differed significantly from modern turtles in two ways. First, its shell wasnt hard, but leathery in texture, and supported by an elaborate skeletal framework underneath; and second, this turtle possessed unusually wide, flipper-like arms and legs, with which it propelled itself through the shallow Western Interior Sea that covered much of North America about 75 million years ago.  Like modern turtles, Archelon had a human-like life span as well as a nasty bite, which would have come in handy when tussling with the giant squids that constituted the bulk of its diet. One specimen on display in Vienna is thought to have lived for over 100 years, and probably would have survived much longer if it hadnt asphyxiated on the sea floor. Why did Archelon grow to such an enormous size? Well, at the time this prehistoric turtle lived, the Western Interior Sea was well-stocked with the vicious marine reptiles known as mosasaurs (a good example being the contemporary Tylosaurus), some of which measured over 20 feet long and weighed four or five tons. Clearly, a speedy, two-ton marine turtle would have been a less appetizing prospect to hungry predators than smaller, more pliable fish and squids, though its not inconceivable that Archelon occasionally found itself on the wrong side of the food chain (if not by a hungry mosasaur, then perhaps by a plus-sized prehistoric shark like Cretoxyrhina).

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Taxation - Essay Example is leaves the income tax and capital gains taxes as the two most important taxes to any household in UK, with huge implications on the consumption and investment patterns in the country. However, the taxation policy in the country does not observe neutrality in that it may discourage deferment of consumption and investment by taxing savings and returns on investments more into the future than now. The income tax is paid per any tax unit that is beyond the personal tax free allowance. The tax is charged from diverse types of savings and is charged at a basic rate of 25% or a higher rate of about 40% (OECD 2007, 13). On the other hand, capital tax operates much similar to the income tax above; there lacks a clear distinction between income and capital gains tax in UK. Any investor with a capital gain of  £5800 or below per annum is exempted from this tax. However, any income above this level is taxed based on the gains at marginal rate of the income tax. In U.K, today, any transaction on savings is treated differently under the taxation policy; the mode of taxing any savings is a vital feature of the UK tax base and leads to an understanding of the comprehensive income tax. In most cases, the comprehensive income tax refers to a case where the income from savings, the labour tax and any other elements that make up the tax base are taxed equally. On the other hand, in expenditure tax, the returns from taxes are not taxed until the individual uses the savings for consumption, at which the tax is known as an expenditure tax or consumption tax (Mirrlees, 283). The major difference between the two taxes is in the treatment of savings. Taxation of savings has an impact on the investment and consumption choices of individuals and companies in UK today. According to Mirrlees report, several effects were identified resulting from the taxation of savings. One, there is an attempt to design a carefully leveled taxation system that seeks to equalize the tax burden of the

Data Protection and Cyber-Security 2013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Data Protection and Cyber-Security 2013 - Essay Example What has made this a possibility is the improvement in the communication technologies and mediums. The social media has been the best hit. Over the past, the social media has realized great developments which have made it easier to communicate and build a network of people from all over the world. Because of this, just as Bishop J. implies on increasing online communities, millions of people who were once not interested in social network development have now diverted to the same and joined the booming social platforms.1 These developments have seen emergence of many social media platforms and chat rooms that people are now free to join for a chance to connect with both known and unknown people from every location of the world, thanks to the internet. Social chat-rooms like twitter and Facebook are just but examples of the freely available social platforms. The development in the social media has come at a price that the society has dearly paid in the past years. The adoption of digit al communication done through the social platforms has, over the past, paved way for many instances of the violation of many UK laws that govern the privacy of information and human rights. There have been several instances where people have used the various social platforms to pass messages that either violates human rights or laws governing the country. Twitter, a prominent social media website, has been used by various people to relay criminal tweets which have affected the public by a great deal. The government has been trying to control the information passed through the social media. As outlined by Bishop, various laws and regulations have been made to prevent people from posting offensive messages that might have adverse effects on the public.2 Contrary to what should happen, people who post criminal and offensive messages on these social platforms have, in the past, made away with the offenses. For instance, law enforcers now say that offensive comments that are posted on tw itter and Facebook rarely lead to charges unless they also include eminent threats and/or even lead to harassment campaigns. This and many past events has seen the government unable to curtail the harms caused by various social media offensive messages hence clearly showing that the law is unclear and ineffective in addressing the social media offenses. This has come along with mixed reactions from people who are now left with question that tends to explain whether the social media is really effective in controlling the digital content. The numbers of offensive messages which are posted on twitter and Facebook among others have been on the rise lately. Estimates now show that millions of messages are sent within a single day. The most surprising part is that this is a statistic for only twitter with other social websites not considered. A large number of the messages which are sent daily are offensive and pose threats to the public. What has made this a significant threat is that th e messages, which are initially only meant for a particular person or group, may eventually end up reaching millions of people worldwide. According to the U.K director of public prosecutions (DPP) Keir Starmer QC., many people who post criminal messages online may go uncharged. This he says happens since the